Natural Resource Management Platform — Engineering Detail
Land Cover and Environmental Monitoring (LCEM). Five PDD components — Land Cover & Change, Carbon Estimation, Ecosystem Intelligence, NbS Monitoring, Decision Support — which resolve, in build terms, into twelve monitoring themes on the same three-clock structure: a change alert now, an annual accounting number, and a scenario projection. South Asia is the starting hub. Firm guardrail throughout: the platform provides underlying MRV data — it does not issue, register or guarantee carbon credits.
Fig. 6 — The build matrix
mining-detector elsewhereFig. 7 — How the elements interact
Fig. 7 — One pipeline, one fork. The right-hand output stops at MRV data; issuing or guaranteeing a credit is outside the platform boundary by design.
The rights and accounting layers
Global Risk asks who is exposed; NRM asks a harder question — whose land is this, who is allowed to change it, and what was the change worth. Those are the companion layers, and two of them are the weakest data in the whole ecosystem.
| Stack | Layer | Source & licence | Resolution / currency | Open question |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Backbone the base map | Land cover & change | RLCMS + Collect Earth Online, harmonised with ESA CCI / Esri LULC | 10–30 m, annual from 2000 | None — SERVIR's strongest existing asset |
| People whose land, whose capacity | Indigenous & community territories | RAISG (Amazon) + national cadastres — the TerraOnTrack precedent | Vector, irregular update | No global layer exists; coverage is Amazon-strong, elsewhere thin |
| Enforcement footprint | SMART patrol coverage and effort data | Site-level, continuous where deployed | Held by protected-area authorities, not openly published | |
| Environment what is protected | Protected areas | WDPA / IUCN — the same layer §04 joins as its Nature stack | Vector, quarterly | None — one licence decision covers both platforms (Decision #17) |
| Biodiversity & species range | IBAT (paid, STAR metric) or GBIF + Planetary Computer MoBI/Intactness (open) | Varies | Genuine build-vs-licence decision, still open | |
| Assets stock and entitlement | Carbon stock | ESA CCI Biomass + NASA GEDI | ~100 m – 1 km, periodic | Usable today, and underused in official FREL submissions |
| Concessions & licences | National mining and forestry concession registries | Vector, national, highly variable | The weakest layer in the platform — and the Illegal Logging Agent cannot separate authorised from unauthorised change without it |
Build detail — the six seams
N1 The LandCoverChange contract
The third of the three platform contracts, and the same discipline as HazardFootprint and FieldObservation. A mining alert, a mangrove loss and a REDD+ activity-data update are all one object: a polygon, a from-class, a to-class, a date range and a confidence.
authorised: unknown is the honest default, and it should be the value most of the time until concession data is sourced. A pipeline that defaults to no is producing allegations.
N2 One change-detection pipeline, two consumption modes
Protect Nature and Nature-Based Solutions are not two systems. An illegal-mining alert and a REDD+ activity-data update are the same kind of signal — a change in land cover — read for two different purposes. Building them separately duplicates the expensive part (detection) to avoid duplicating the cheap part (routing).
N3 The rights-and-accounting join
Structurally the same service as §04's E3 and §05's F3 — a footprint goes in, an annotated bundle comes out with provenance attached. What differs is the stacks: territory, enforcement coverage, protected-area status, carbon stock and concession status. It is also where the authorised field of N1 is actually resolved, which is why the concession gap above is an engineering blocker and not just a data wish.
N4 The agent contract, and the one architecturally different agent
Five of the six agents follow the standard pattern. The Wildlife Trafficking Signal Agent does not, and it is worth being explicit about why: remote sensing cannot meaningfully detect the trade or movement of wildlife products. That module is a data-integration layer over ground-based systems — MegaDetector inference on camera-trap imagery, SMART for case management — providing aggregation and decision support rather than new detection technology. Scoping it as if it were another EO detector is the mistake to avoid (Decision #4 sequences it behind mining and logging for exactly this reason).
N5 The MRV evidentiary envelope
The counterpart to Food Security's EUDR channel. An MRV report is submitted to a registry or under a UNFCCC commitment, which makes it an evidentiary record with a defined methodology, a stated uncertainty and a reproducible chain back to reference samples. SEPAL and the FAO Open Foris methodology are the standard; Open Foris Arena's schema and the GFOI/OpenMRV methodology library are what the decision-support report should be built against, since no finished tool for that last step exists.
N6 The credibility guardrail
A 2023 investigation (The Guardian, Die Zeit, SourceMaterial) found more than 90% of Verra's rainforest REDD+ offset credits likely did not represent genuine emissions reductions, largely due to inflated deforestation baselines. Verra disputed the findings but substantially overhauled its methodology afterwards, and its CEO resigned shortly after. That history is the direct reason for the boundary drawn in Fig. 7: the platform supplies rigorous MRV data into a contested downstream market, and does not issue, register or guarantee credits. The guardrail is architectural, not editorial — the MRV output path terminates at a report, and no agent in the system has a tool that mints a credit.
N7The layer this plan does not have — intervention prioritisation
Every capability specified across §04–06 answers a monitoring question: what is happening now, what the annualised baseline is, how that baseline shifts under climate. That is the three-clock grammar, and it is deliberate. But it stops one step short of the question a land manager actually arrives with — given a fixed budget, where do we intervene, and what do we get for it? No element in this plan answers that, and the omission is easy to miss because it is hidden in plain sight: three of the use cases below already imply it. Where rangers patrol in Prey Lang. Which degraded mining sites in Ghana get remediated first. Which stretches of Vietnamese coast get mangrove protection against shrimp aquaculture. Each is the same constrained-optimisation problem, currently answered ad hoc, per use case, by hand.
The reference implementation already exists and is SIG's own.
github.com/OurPlanscape/Planscape — a wildfire-resilience treatment planner built by SIG for
the US Forest Service, ~7,200 commits, Angular + Django + PostGIS, wrapping ForSys (Ager, Day and
Evers, USFS) for the optimisation itself alongside FVS, GridFire, TreeMap and PROMOTe. Its licence is
CC0 — public domain, no attribution obligation, strictly more permissive than anything else in this
plan's dependency set.
And it carries the same constraint as pyretechnics, which is now a pattern rather than a
coincidence. Planscape runs on California Regional Resource Kits — ten resilience pillars at 30 m,
California-only, with custom dataset upload still unbuilt. pyretechnics runs on LANDFIRE fuel
models, US-only. In both cases the method transfers and the data pipeline does not. SIG's fire
and land-treatment stack is portable in code and locked in data, and the recurring cost of adopting any of it
into SERVIR is the same line item every time: build the regional input layer. That is one procurement
question, not two, and it should be scoped as one.
What to do with this is a scoping decision, not an engineering one, so it is logged as Decision #23 rather than specified here. The architectural point stands regardless of that outcome: if the platform only ever tells governments what is happening, it stops exactly where their actual decision begins.
Already built
RLCMS + CEO
SERVIR's own land-cover product, plus Collect Earth Online for sample-based labeling and accuracy assessment. Repos: SERVIR/RLCMS, Servir-Mekong/rlcms.
CoMiMo + RAMI
Live illegal-gold-mining detection, SIG-GIS-led. SERVIR-Amazonia/comimo is the most recently updated repo across the four hub orgs (July 2026).
Galamsey & Charcoal portals
Ghana — active mining- and illegal-charcoal-monitoring geoportals with public repos (SERVIR/galamsey).
WRI, UMD, Google, FAO, ESRI
Already named PDD contributors, plus Sentinel-1/2, Landsat, AlphaEarth, GEDI, GLAD, GFW and SEPAL in the working Nepal prototype.
Where to partner, what to build
| Gap | Status | Partner |
|---|---|---|
| Illegal deforestation/logging alerts | Partner | WRI (Global Forest Watch) — GLAD-L/S2, RADD, DIST-ALERT — shared with Food Security's EUDR module, not built twice. |
| Illegal gold mining | Reactivate / Scale | SERVIR's own CoMiMo/RAMI (Amazon); earthrise-media/mining-detector (Earth Genome, open) for South Asia expansion — dual-track per Decision #4. |
| Concession & licence boundaries | New build | No global source — country-by-country sourcing. Blocks the authorised field in N1. |
| REDD+ MRV / TFFF NFMS harmonization | Partner | FAO (Open Foris / SEPAL team) — also coordinating TFFF's cross-country harmonization. |
| Biodiversity data / STAR metric | Partner + Build | IBAT Alliance (paid) or open GBIF + Planetary Computer stack — genuine build-vs-license decision. |
| Ecosystem service valuation | Partner + Build | InVEST (Stanford Natural Capital Project) — light-touch adoption; running it against SERVIR's own land cover is the integration work. |
| Wildlife trafficking | Adopt | MegaDetector (Microsoft AI for Good, self-hostable) + SMART (WCS consortium) — sequenced behind mining/logging per Decision #4. |
| Land-cover-to-MRV/NbS decision-support report | New build | No finished tool exists — build against Open Foris Arena's schema and the GFOI/OpenMRV methodology library. |
Domain agents
| Agent | MCP-wrapped tools | Workflow it encodes |
|---|---|---|
| Land Cover & Change Agent | RLCMS + CEO + UMD GLAD/GFW alert stack | Classify/update land cover against CEO reference → detect change → tag each event for Protect Nature or NbS consumption. |
| Illegal Mining Detection Agent | CoMiMo + RAMI + earthrise-media/mining-detector | Candidate mining change → score against the tool with regional authority → route confirmed detections to enforcement. |
| Illegal Logging/Deforestation Agent | GFW alert stack (shared with Food Security's EUDR agent) | Deforestation alerts → cross-reference protected-area/concession boundaries → route unauthorized change to enforcement, authorized change to REDD+/MRV Agent. |
| REDD+/MRV Agent | SEPAL + FAO Open Foris methodology | Authorized change data → compute activity data per NFMS methodology → format MRV report to the receiving registry's standard. |
| Biodiversity & Ecosystem Service Valuation Agent | IBAT/open GBIF+Planetary Computer stack + InVEST | Land-cover + species-range data → run STAR (or open approximation) and InVEST → attach limitations/currency disclosure. |
| Wildlife Trafficking Signal Agent | MegaDetector (inference) + SMART (case management) | Camera-trap imagery → MegaDetector triage → feed confirmed detections to SMART → flag patrol anomalies. Scope-contingent, Decision #4 |
| LCEM Orchestrator Agent | All agents above, via A2A | Route by PDD component — never conflate the platform's MRV-data role with issuing or guaranteeing credits. |
Use cases from the SERVIR archive
This is the best-documented of the three platforms in the public archive — seventeen of nineteen recovered cases name a specific institution, and an unusually high share of those are ministry-level. That matters for the matrix above: these are not pilots looking for a user.
National Land Cover Monitoring System — Nepal
- User
- Forest Research and Training Centre (FRTC), Nepal
- Tool
- NLCMS — annual land cover 2000–2019, queryable by province, district or physiographic zone
- Decision
- Tracking forest cover change and "preparing a long-term strategy for achieving Nepal's Nationally Determined Contribution targets"
- Matrix
- Land cover × Clock 2 — the starting hub's flagship
Protected Area Alerts — Cambodia
- Users
- Ministry of Environment (MOE); Provincial Department of Environment; UNDP
- Tool
- Near-real-time forest change alerts, applied to Prey Lang Wildlife Sanctuary
- Decision
- Where rangers patrol — officials "prioritize scarce resources for more efficient patrol planning and better protection"
- Matrix
- Biodiversity × Clock 1 · People (enforcement)
RAMI — radar mining monitoring, Peru
- Users
- Ministerio del Ambiente (MINAM); Conservación Amazónica (ACCA) as lead developer; Alliance Bioversity & CIAT; Spatial Informatics Group
- Tool
- Sentinel-1 SAR near-real-time gold-mining detection that works through cloud cover year-round
- Decision
- Where the government targets eradication of illegal mining and monitors permitted concessions — identifying "new illegal mining fronts in priority areas, such as protected area buffer zones"
- Matrix
- Mining × Clock 1 · Assets (concessions)
CoMiMo — Colombian mining monitoring
- Users
- Ministry of Environment of Colombia; ANLA (environmental licensing authority); Universidad del Rosario as co-developer
- Tool
- AI model predictions of mining sites with monthly municipal subscriptions and community validation of model output
- Decision
- Which municipalities and licensed or unlicensed sites environmental authorities investigate
- Matrix
- Mining × Clock 1 — and the community-validation loop is the N1 confidence field in practice
Galamsey artisanal mining monitoring — Ghana
- User
- A Rocha Ghana — "will use the information to target areas for remediation and landscape restoration activities"
- Tool
- Artisanal Gold Mining Monitoring Portal — illegal mining sites across Ghana and associated land degradation
- Decision
- Which degraded mining sites get prioritised for remediation and restoration
- Matrix
- Mining × Clocks 1–2 · NbS overlap
MANGLEE — mangrove monitoring, Ecuador
- Users
- CIIFEN; Ministry of Environment of Ecuador
- Tool
- GEE tool using Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 with Random Forest; mangrove maps for 2018, 2020, 2022
- Decision
- Coastal management strategy and conservation prioritisation against shrimp-aquaculture expansion
- Matrix
- Mangroves × Clock 2 — one of the five regional cells to generalise
GuyMIS — mangrove monitoring, Guyana
- Users
- National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute (NAREI); University of Guyana
- Tool
- Mangrove extent and change data made freely available to government and civil society
- Decision
- Action on deforestation hotspots, land-use planning, and protection for farmers in the low-lying coastal zone
- Matrix
- Mangroves × Clock 2 · People + Environment
Regional Land Cover Monitoring System
- Users
- USAID/Cambodia; Conservation International; WCS Cambodia; WWF; FFI; BirdLife; DENR Philippines
- Tool
- RLCMS — annual land cover from 2000; Vietnam rice extent and timing products
- Decision
- Carbon emissions reporting for UN REDD+ and voluntary carbon markets; in Vietnam, "drought risk assessment and more effective water allocation decisions"
- Matrix
- Land cover × Clock 2 → REDD+ × Clock 2 — the N2 fork, already in production
Land use / land cover mapping — Rwanda
- User
- Rwanda Natural Resources Authority (RNRA)
- Tool
- SERVIR/RCMRD land use and land cover maps
- Decision
- Measuring change in stored CO₂ and reporting NDCs to the UNFCCC; balancing agricultural land against forest conservation
- Matrix
- Land cover × Clock 2 → carbon stock × Clock 2
Collect Earth Online for national forest monitoring — Ecuador
- Users
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Ecological Transition (MAATE); EcoCiencia; Alliance Bioversity & CIAT
- Tool
- Collect Earth Online, co-developed with EcoCiencia and SERVIR-Amazonia
- Decision
- Validating National Monitoring System maps and land-cover estimates, and supporting indigenous forest-dependent groups to use degradation data in their own decisions
- Matrix
- Land cover × Clock 2 — the CEO half of the backbone
Forest change and ecosystem services — Acre / Ucayali
- Users
- SEMAPI-Acre (Brazil); CPI-Acre; Gobierno Regional de Ucayali (Peru); indigenous communities of Sierra del Divisor and the Yurua/Purus watersheds
- Tool
- Scenario modelling of provisioning and regulating ecosystem services under forest change
- Decision
- Analysing trade-offs of a planned transnational transport corridor against forest cover and hydrological services
- Matrix
- Ecosystem services × Clock 3 — the one strong scenario cell, and the template for the rest of that column
SWARM — water resources management, Vietnam
- Users
- NAWAPI (Vietnam National Center for Water Resources Planning and Investigation); ADPC; Stockholm Environment Institute
- Tool
- SWARM — water allocation scenario assessment for Lower Mekong catchments
- Decision
- Which water allocation scenario informs basin development strategy
- Matrix
- Wetlands & inland water × Clock 3
- Status
- Reactivation candidate — retired per the App Center (§09), and the top restart target on that list: it fills this exact cell, with a named ministry user and an existing method.
Seven further NRM services are documented and carried here in brief: Charcoal Production Site Monitoring (Ghana — A Rocha, Solidaridad), Land-cover mapping for GHG inventories (RCMRD, nine countries), REDD+ forest monitoring capacity (Kenya, Uganda, Zambia — mapping cycle shortened from six years to about one), TerraOnTrack (CPI-Acre, Imaflora, SIG — community territorial threat detection), Ecosystem services at the forest-agricultural interface (Imaflora, Brazil/Peru), MOCAF forest-road monitoring (ACCA, ABSAT) and iSWIM inland water quality (RCMRD).